跨国公司在华品牌本土化战略和启示

在中国市场，企业的产品竞争正逐渐演变为品牌竞争，品牌战略已成为企业占有市场的有效途径。跨国公司凭借其品牌优势所实施的品牌本士化战略在中国市场的竞争中居于有利地位，而国内企业在品牌战略的一些错误做法导致其在竞争中远远地落在跨国公司后面，实施正确的品牌扩张策略已是刻不容缓.     

公共真实中的社会和谐

公共真实是社会和谐必不可少的条件。只有在享有公共真实的社会中,人们才能有效地一起辨认当前生活中的不和谐因素,并一起克服这些因素。这样一个允许自由讨论和共同行动的社会空间就是公民社会。公民社会是就它做什么,而不是就它是什么而言的。公民社会不单单是一个拥有形式公民身份者构成的社会,而是一个让普通人能通过说真话和积极参与起到公民作用的社会。公民社会的和谐是由每一个公民的宪法权利来保障的。在公民社会中,生活在和谐之中,也就是生活在公共真实之中。公共真实是社会和谐的基础,社会和谐则是公共真实的结果。     

Decentralization via Federal and Unitary Referenda

This paper studies a model where the power to set policy (a choice of project) may be assigned to central or regional government via either a federal or unitary referendum. The benefit of central provision is an economy of scale, while the cost is political inefficiency. The relationship between federal and unitary referenda is characterized in the asymptotic case as the number of regions becomes large, under the assumption that the median project benefit in any region is a random draw from a fixed distribution, G. Under some symmetry assumptions, the relationship depends only on the shape of G, not on how willingness to pay is distributed within regions. The relationship to Cremer and Palfrey's “principle of aggregation” is established. Asymptotic results on the efficiency of the two referenda are also proved.     

WTO渔业补贴谈判提案评析

自世贸组织多哈部长会议将渔业补贴问题列为谈判议题以来,各国就此提案分歧很大。在谈判中,关于渔业补贴议题所形成的几大主流提案也屡经演变,本文将其分为形成对立集团阶段,探讨具体方案阶段,以及有限的融通阶段并对各阶段的主要提案进行评析。     

Missing Markets and Redundant Reservoirs

This paper uses a two-sector, two-period,spatial model of groundwater usage withstochastic surface water supply to illustratethe potential for the suboptimal management ofthe timing of groundwater uses. A ``timeprofile externality' is said to exist when thetiming of groundwater extraction by one set ofusers impacts on the time profile of wateravailability to another set of users. Theexistence of the time of use externalitydepends on the presence of importantdifferences in the preferences between thecontrol and non-control sectors. It alsodepends on the absence of the markets thatwould internalise these differences. Oneimportant implication of the existence of suchexternalities is that they can inducesub-optimal insurance investments in the formof water storage capital, i.e., unnecessarysurface water reservoirs.     

State-dependent pricing, inflation, and welfare in search economies

We investigate the welfare effects of inflation in economies with search frictions and menu costs. We first analyze an economy where there is no transaction demand for money balances: Money is a mere unit of account. We determine a condition under which strictly positive inflation is desirable. We relate this condition to a standard efficiency condition for search economies. Second, we consider a related economy in which there is a transaction role for money. In the absence of menu costs, the Friedman rule is optimal. In the presence of menu costs, the optimal inflation rate is negative for our numerical examples provided menu costs are small. A deviation from the Friedman rule can be optimal depending on the extent of the search externalities.     

Does intraday technical analysis in the U.S. equity market have value?

This paper investigates whether intraday technical analysis is profitable in the U.S. equity market. Surveys of market participants indicate that they place more emphasis on technical analysis (and less on fundamental analysis) the shorter the time horizon; however, the technical analysis literature to date has focused on long-term technical trading rules. We find, using two bootstrap methodologies, that none of the 7846 popular technical trading rules we test are profitable after data snooping bias is taken into account. There is no evidence that the market is inefficient over this time horizon.     

Effectiveness and Efficiency of Cross-Border Knowledge Transfer: An Empirical Examination

abstract    Based on a sample of 102 US organizations, this study examines the impact of knowledge characteristics, recipient learning intent, source attractiveness, and relationship quality on the effectiveness and efficiency of knowledge transfer from the international business affiliates of these organizations. Findings indicate that recipient learning intent and source attractiveness positively impact the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. In addition, recipient learning intent was found to have a positive effect on knowledge transfer efficiency. In particular, results highlight the strong positive impact that the quality of the relationship between the source and the recipient has on both the efficiency and effectiveness of cross-border knowledge transfer. The study also indicates that knowledge value is positively associated with recipient learning intent and that knowledge value, rarity and non-substitutability influence source attractiveness. Finally, findings suggest that the relationship between knowledge characteristics and knowledge transfer is partially mediated by recipient learning intent and source attractiveness.